对卢梭的自由观念的评价

2024-01-24 17:22   geyange.com

思想家卢梭的名言名句

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."(人生而自由,却无时无刻不被束缚。)

- 感悟:卢梭强调了人的天生自由状态,但社会制度和规则常常将人束缚,引发了对个体自由的反思。

"Freedom can only be given to one who loves it, and the rest is for slaves."(只有热爱自由的人才能拥有自由,其余都是奴隶。)

- 感悟:卢梭认为,只有真正理解和珍视自由的人才能实现自由,其他人可能会沦为外在权力的奴隶。

"Man is good by nature, society corrupts him."(人性本善,社会使其败坏。)

- 感悟:卢梭信奉人的本性是善良的,但社会环境和文化可以使人变得腐化,这反映了他的社会哲学思想。

"The strongest is never strong enough to be always the master unless he transforms strength into right and obedience into duty."(最强大的人永远不足以始终成为主宰,除非他将力量转化为权利,将服从转化为义务。)

- 感悟:卢梭强调了权力与正义和义务之间的关系,主张合法的权威应该基于公正和道义。

"I prefer liberty with danger to peace with slavery."(我宁愿自由伴随危险,也不愿和平伴随奴役。)

- 感悟:卢梭对个人自由的珍视表现在他愿意冒险争取自由,而不是安逸地接受奴役。

"We are all bound by the social contract to obey the laws, but we also have the right to participate in making those laws."(我们都受社会契约的约束,须遵守法律,但我们也有权参与制定这些法律。)

- 感悟:卢梭提出了社会契约理论,强调了人们对于法律的服从和参与法律制定的权利的平衡。

"To live outside the law, you must be honest."(要违背法律,你必须诚实。)

- 感悟:卢梭的这一言论反映了他对于自由和道义的看法,强调了违反法律时的自觉和道义原则。

"The first man who, having enclosed a piece of ground, bethought himself of saying 'This is mine,' and found people simple enough to believe him, was the real founder of civil society."(第一个将一块土地围起来并说‘这是我的’,并找到足够简单的人相信他的人,就是文明社会的真正创始人。)

- 感悟:卢梭关注了私有财产的起源,认为私有财产的概念在一定程度上导致了社会的复杂性。

"Man is so much the voice of his interest that it is not enough to make him see the right, but you must make him feel it."(人很容易被自己的利益驱使,仅仅让他看到正确是不够的,还必须让他感受到它。)

- 感悟:卢梭强调了情感和道德感对于引导人行为的重要性,而不仅仅是理性的认识。

"The strongest is never strong enough to be always the master unless he transforms strength into right and obedience into duty."(最强大的人永远不足以始终成为主宰,除非他将力量转化为权利,将服从转化为义务。)

- 感悟:卢梭强调了权力必须以正义和道义为基础,而不是仅仅依靠强大的力量来统治。

"What wisdom can you find that is greater than kindness?"(还有什么智慧比善良更伟大?)

- 感悟:卢梭强调了善良和仁慈的重要性,暗示这些美德在智慧之上。

"Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet."(耐心是苦涩的,但其果实是甜蜜的。)

- 感悟:这句话反映了卢梭对于坚持和耐心的价值观,认为忍耐虽然艰难,但最终会带来甜蜜的回报。

"Man is the artisan of his own happiness."(人是自己幸福的工匠。)

- 感悟:卢梭强调了个体对于自己幸福的创造和决定权,强调了自主性和自由选择的重要性。

"The general will is always right, but the judgment which guides it is not always enlightened."(普遍意愿总是正确的,但引导它的判断并不总是明智的。)

- 感悟:卢梭提出了“普遍意愿”(general will)的概念,它代表了整个社会的共同意愿,但他也指出,这个意愿的引导不一定总是理智或明智的,这引发了对集体决策和领导的反思。

"I cannot but be astonished that Socrates, after having so often repeated to his fellow citizens that he did not pretend to any wisdom, but had been appointed by the gods to a mission of benevolence towards them, should have been condemned to death."(我不禁感到惊讶,苏格拉底在多次告诉他的同胞,他不自诩有智慧,而是被神任命为向他们传递善意的使命,竟然被判处死刑。)

- 感悟:卢梭对苏格拉底的审判表示惊讶,强调了对思想自由和言论自由的重要性,以及社会对不同意见的容忍度。

"To write a good love letter, you ought to begin without knowing what you mean to say, and to finish without knowing what you have written."(要写一封好的情书,你应该在不知道要说什么的情况下开始写,然后在不知道自己写了什么的情况下结束。)

- 感悟:这句话强调了情感和直觉的重要性,暗示真正的感情表达应该是自发和真诚的。

"The more we love our friends, the less we flatter them; it is by excusing nothing that pure love shows itself."(我们越爱我们的朋友,就越少奉承他们;纯粹的爱表现在毫不包庇的态度。)

- 感悟:卢梭认为真正的友情和爱应该建立在坦诚和真实之上,而不是虚伪的奉承之中。

"The first step towards philosophy is incredulity."(通往哲学的第一步是怀疑。)

- 感悟:这句话强调了哲学思考的起点是对传统观念和权威的怀疑,鼓励思考者主动质疑和探索。

"Nature never deceives us; it is always we who deceive ourselves."(自然从不欺骗我们;欺骗我们的总是我们自己。)

- 感悟:卢梭认为,自然是诚实和真实的,人类常常自欺欺人,误解了自然界和自己。

"Freedom is not the power to do what we want, but the right to do what we ought."(自由不是做我们想做的事情的权力,而是做我们应该做的事情的权利。)

- 感悟:这句话强调了自由与责任和道义之间的联系,自由不仅仅是纵容个人欲望,更是实现应尽义务的权利。

这些语录展示了卢梭的深刻思想,涵盖了爱情、哲学、怀疑、自然和自由等主题,为哲学家的思考提供了深刻的见解。


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